A (in) ação estatal na promoção da segurança alimentar: análise da PGPM sobre produtos da cesta básica de 2019 a 2022

Abstract

Initiatives in public food security policies became more prominent in Brazil at the end of the 20th century, specifically involving actions to support production and consumption such as the Minimum Price Guarantee Policy (PGPM), which seeks, using various instruments, to balance prices at from subsidies and public stocks, with a view to supply stability. However, the discrepancy between the amounts paid to producers and those practiced in the market may affect its effectiveness. The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated price increases, impacting consumption of essential foods. This study addressed market fluctuations in essential products in the Brazilian basic food basket from 2019 to 2022, evaluating state action via PGPM in mitigating impacts on producers' income and family consumption. Using descriptive and exploratory analyses, it revealed discrepancies between the prices received by producers and those practiced in the markets, highlighting government negligence, evidenced in the decrease in the activities of the National Supply Company (Conab) over time. The lack of investment in the strategic food reserve exposes the fragility of the State, indicating the need for more comprehensive policies to ensure economic stability and adequate access to basic foods, especially in periods of crisis such as during the pandemic. The study suggests the urgency of reflection and debate to develop more effective food supply strategies, as part of the state's commitment to guaranteeing the Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA).